扎龙自然保护区人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤的保护实践

Conservation Practice of Artificial Breeding Red-crowned Crane in Zhalong Nature Reserve,China

就地保护中实施迁地保护是濒危物种保护的较为有效的形式。扎龙保护区自1976年筹建以来，就计划并开展了以人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤（Grus japonensis）种群为平台的孵化、训飞、放飞工作，本文通过常规的统计方法对扎龙保护区自建区以来的丹顶鹤孵化、训飞、放飞数据进行了分析。结果显示，建区至今，人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤种群的年均孵化成功率为77．41％（1981年最高，为100％）；孵化成活量整体呈上升趋势，年均约为27只（2003年最高，为52只），近10年来基本维持在30～50只之间；训飞规模在逐年提高，近年来基本维持在100～120只之间；放飞规模与训飞规模同步也在逐年提高，年均放飞8只，2009年以来维持在10只以上；放飞野化的丹顶鹤已记录于中国的江苏盐城保护区、山东黄河三角洲保护区、韩国铁原地区。进一步分析表明，扎龙保护区在丹顶鹤保护方面已取得了一定的成绩。

Ex-situ conservation implementation in in-situ conservation is the more effective protection way for endangered wildlife conservation. Since 1976, the Zhalong Nature Reserve has carried out ex-situ conservation works including incubation, training fly and releasement of the Red-crowned Crane （Grus japonensis） based on artificial breeding population. The results showed that from 1976 to now, hatchability of artificial breeding cranes was 77.41% （with the highest of 100% in 1981 ）. Incubation survival number has increased, with the average of 27 individuals per year and the highest of 52 individuals in 2003. In the last decade, the incubation survival number has been kept around 30 - 50 individuals every year. The scale of training fly program also increased, recently, about 100 -120 individuals were trained every year. Associated with the scale of training fly, the scale of releasement was also rising, about 8 individuals was released every year, and after 2009, it was maintained for more than l0 individuals The released Red-crowned Cranes were recorded in the YanchengNature Reserve in Jiangsu province, Yellow-river Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong province and Cheorwon near Deilitary Zone of South Korea. So far, Zhalong Nature Reserve has already got some success.