模型分析在动物进化生物学研究中的应用

The Application of Modeling Methods in Animal Evolutionary Biology

早期的生态学研究往往局限于对野外观察现象的基本描述。随着模型分析方法的引入,可以通过建立数学模型寻找描述性材料中蕴藏的一般性规律,探讨某一现象产生的原因及其制约因素。近年,随着计算机技术的飞速发展和普及,模型分析方法应用越来越广泛。动物行为的进化及其对环境的适应性一直以来都是生态学研究的热点,根据应用不同的理论基础,人们发展了许多不同的建模方法,主要包括种群遗传学模型、最优化模型、博弈模型、基于个体的模拟模型和系统发育对比分析模型等。本文主要介绍了以上5种模型方法,及其在动物进化生物学研究中的应用现状。

Early ecological studies generally described the phenomenon during the field work. Since the modeling methods being introduced, researchers could establish a mathematical model to find out the general rules of the descriptive materials, and investigate the causes and their constraints. Due to the rapid development and popularization of computer technology, more and more animal ecology researchers try to use the modeling methods during their research. The evolution of animal behavior and its adaptation to the environment have always been the focus of ecological researches. According to different theoretical basis, a number of different modeling methods have been developed, including population genetic model, optimization model, game model, individual based model and phylogenetic comparative method. In this paper, we will review the above modeling methods and their applications in animal evolutionary biology.