基于肿瘤异常结构的纳米药物设计

Nanomedicine Design Based on Abnormal Structure in Tumor

肿瘤组织的血液供给在时间和空间上存在的非均质性、血管的高渗性、淋巴排出功能的低效性共同形成肿瘤微环境,阻碍治疗药物有效地运输到肿瘤,从而影响其疗效.与传统药物相比,纳米药物能优先递送到肿瘤,并具有多药载药与靶向运输等功能.但肿瘤中特有生理屏障的存在阻碍了纳米药物以有效浓度均匀地运输到肿瘤组织.一些美国食品药品管理局批准的纳米药物疗效并不显著,可能与这些生理屏障的阻碍有关.本文概述了肿瘤治疗时药物需跨过的生理屏障,并总结了克服这些生理屏障的方法,探讨了纳米药物研发时针对肿瘤异常结构优化药物递送需考虑的因素.

In tumors, the blood supply is anisotropic spatially and temporally, meanwhile the vascular permeability is high and the ability of fluid flowing from lymphangion is poor. These factors work together to create tumor microenvironment and block therapeutic agents from uniformly delivering into tumors. Compared to conventional medicine, nanomedicine has the potential to enable the preferential delivery of drugs to tumor, deliver more than one therapeutic agent, and bind drugs to target cancer cells specially. But the specific physiological barriers presented in tumor hinder efficient and uniform delivery of nanoparticles into tumors. This may be account for moderate survival benefit obtained from FDA-approved nanomedicines. Here, we summarize these barriers existing in cancer therapy and researches aiming at conquering these barriers. Finally, we discuss factors in nanoparticles design to improve delivering efficiency for tumor.