三种健康教育方式对小学生健康行为影响的研究

Effects of three different health education methods on health behavior of primary school students

目的:比较健康基地教育,视频自学教育,图文自学教育三种口腔健康教育模式对小学生口腔健康行为形成率和健康行为知晓率的影响。方法:在青岛市市南区随机选取教育水平相近的三所小学二年级学生,年龄7-8岁,共511人,随机分为4组进行3种不同方式的健康教育。一组参观教育基地,讲解口腔基本知识及保健知识,刷牙室示教并练习;二组播放教育视频,内容与一组相同;三组发放图文教育材料自学,内容与一组相同;另一组作为空白对照。分别在健康教育前和教育1个月后,通过调查问卷和全口牙菌斑染色评价3种方法教育前后口腔健康行为形成率和健康行为知晓率变化及学生对于3种口腔教育形式的接受程度。结果:观察对象在口腔健康知识知晓率,健康行为形成率,健康态度形成率方面与干预前相比大部分都有提高(P<0.05),而健康教育基地组与视频组菌斑指数较干预前有了改善(P<0.05),自学组与对照组无明显变化(P>0.05)。三组效果比较,健康基地教育组效果更加明显(P<0.05),有更多的学生愿意接受口腔健康教育基地这种方式的教育。结论:口腔健康教育基地教育模式较其他模式更具有优势。

Objective：To compare effects of three kinds of model of oral health education which included education of health education base,self-study education by video and self-study education by graphic information. Method： The second grade of primary school students In Shinan district were randomly selected ,who were from three schools of similar education level and aged 7-8 years old,.There were 12 classes,which amounted to 511 students.They were randomly divided into 4 groups and carried out 3 kinds of oral health education. One group of students visited the health education base, and were taught the basic knowledge and oral health knowledge,and practiced brushing tooth in teaching room;one group of students watched education video; one group of students made self-study education by graphic information.;the last group was regard- ed as normal control group.Four groups of students were studied their rate of formatting health knowledge and rate of under- standing health behavior after one month ,and the results were compared by questionnaires.Their oral health status were in- vestigated by plaque staining. Result： After three different ways of health education, observing objects had improved com- pared with before the intervention in most ways in rate of understanding oral health knowledge, rate of formatting health be- havior formation and rate of forming health attitude. The differences had statistical significance （P 〈 0.05） .Plaque index in group of the health education base and the video group has descended compared with before the intervention （P 〈 0.05）, and had no change in self - study group and control group （P 〉 0.05）. Comparing effects in three groups, health education base showed effect more significantly （P 〈 0.05） and more students prepared to select health education base as their ways of oral health education （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion： ：Education method of oral health education base showed more efficiently.