我国旱地小麦区域试验精确度及其环境综合评价

Experiment precision and comprehensive environmental evaluation of regional wheat trials in rainfed regions of China

选用2003—2009年我国4个麦区、233个品种(系)、82个试点组成的全国旱地冬春小麦区域试验产量资料,研究了我国旱地小麦国家区域试验点的精确度、环境鉴别力和代表性,并对试验环境进行综合评价.结果表明:一年一点试验平均试验误差变异系数(CV)为6.1%,平均相对最小显著差数(RLSD)为10.5%,一年多点试验的CV值均在8.2%以内,大多数试点的CV和RLSD控制得较好,试验精确度和品种比较精确度均较高.试点分辨力以西北春小麦组最强,其他3个产区差别不大.试点代表性以东北春小麦组最好、西北春小麦组最差.在综合考虑试点分辨力和代表性基础上,借助GGE模型构建环境综合评价参数(r g h),结果显示,我国旱地小麦理想试点比例只有32.4%,产区间比较,理想试点的比例依次为:西北春小麦旱地组(40.9%)>东北春小麦旱地组(33.3%)>黄淮冬小麦旱地组(30.4%)>北部冬小麦旱地组(21.4%).

Based on the grain yield data of regional trials with 233 winter- and spring wheat cuhi- vars （lines） in rainfed farmlands at 82 locations in four subregions of China in 2003-2009, this pa- per studied the experiment precision （EP）, variety comparison precision （VCP）, and testing-site discrimination ability and representativeness of national regional trials, and comprehensively evalua- ted the trial environment. The results showed that in one-location-one-year experiments, the average coefficient of variation （CV） and the relative least significant difference （RLSD） were 6.1% and 10.5%, respectively, and in multi-location-one-year experiments, the CV was all within 8.2%, and the CV and RLSD were mostly well controlled, indicating that the trials had a high precision. The testing-site discrimination ability was the highest in the northwest spring wheat subregion, but showed less difference in the other subregions. The testing-site representativeness was the best in the northeast spring wheat subregion, and the worst in the northwest spring wheat subregion. On the basis of the comprehensive consideration of the testing-site discrimination ability and representative- ness, and by using the parameters of the environmental comprehensive assessment （rgh） of GGE model, it was shown that the proportion of the ideal trial locations for wheat in our rainfed farmlands was only 32.4%. Among the wheat production regions, the proportions of the ideal trial locations were in the order of northwest spring wheat subregion （40.9%） 〉 northeast spring wheat subregion （33. 3% ） 〉 Huang-Huai winter wheat subregion （30. 4% ） 〉 north winter wheat subregion （21.4%）.