多效唑对不同品质类型花生产量、品质及相关酶活性的影响

Effects of paclobutrazol on the yield,quality,and related enzyme activities of different quality type peanut cultivars

选用高蛋白品种KB008(KB008)、高脂肪品种花17(H17)和高油酸/亚油酸(O/L)品种农大818(818),在大田栽培条件下,研究了盛花后期叶面喷施多效唑(PBZ)对不同品质类型花生产量、品质及相关碳、氮代谢酶活性的影响.结果表明:喷施PBZ显著增加了3种品质类型花生荚果产量,原因是增加了单株结果数,降低了千克果数而提高了双仁果率.喷施PBZ不同程度地提高了3种类型花生籽仁脂肪和可溶性糖含量,降低了蛋白质含量,显著增加了高脂肪品种H17的O/L值.PBZ使高O/L值品种818的脂肪含量增加显著,同时其蛋白质含量显著降低,而对其他两品种的蛋白质和脂肪含量影响较小.喷施PBZ均降低了3种类型花生结荚期叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性及结荚期和饱果期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性,818的3种酶活性降低幅度最大,KB008和H17的酶活性降幅较小;喷施PBZ均降低了3种类型花生结荚期和饱果期叶片谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性.说明氮代谢酶活性的降低是喷施PBZ降低3种类型花生籽仁蛋白质含量的主要原因.喷施PBZ均提高了3品种结荚期和饱果期叶片蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性,其中显著提高了818的2种酶活性,而对KB008和H17的活性提高不显著;喷施PBZ提高了3品种结荚期和饱果期的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性,其中对818在结荚期的活性提高最显著,对H17活性提高较小.碳代谢酶活性的增强是喷施PBZ提高花生籽仁脂肪含量的生理基础.

cuhivar No Selecting high-protein peanut cultivar KB008, high-fat cuhivar Hual7, and high O/L ngda8 18 as test materials, a field experiment was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to study the effects of foliar spraying paclobutrazol （PBZ） at late flowering stage on the kernel yield and quality and the activities of leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes of the cuhivars. Spraying PBZ increased the pod yield of the cultivars significantly via increasing the pod number per plant, decreasing the pod number per kilogram, and increasing the percentage of double kernel. Spraying PBZ also increased the kernel fat and soluble sugar contents but decreased the kernel protein con- tent to varying degrees, and increased the O/L ratio of high-fat cuhivar Hual7 significantly. PBZ increased the kernel fat content while decreased the kernel protein content of Nongda818 significant- ly, but had little effects on the kernel protein or fat content of the other two cultivars. Spraying PBZ decreased the leaf nitrate reductase activity of the three cultivars at their pod setting stage, and the leaf glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities at pod setting and filling stages, with the largest decrement for NongdaS18 and the smaller one for KB008 and H17. Spraying PBZ decreased the leaf glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamate pyrnvate transaminase activities of the three cultivars at their pod setting and filling stages, illustrating that the decrease of the nitro- gen metabolism enzyme activities after spraying PBZ was the main reason of the decreased kernel protein content of the cultivars. PBZ increased the leaf sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate syn- thase activities at pod setting and filling stages, being significant for Nongda818. PBZ improved the leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activities of the three cultivars at their pod setting and filling stages, being most significant for NongdaS18. It was sugges- ted that the increase of the carbon metabolism enzyme activities was the physiological basis of the improvement of kernel fat content after spraying PBZ.