流域水环境污染模型及其应用研究综述

Watershed water environment pollution models and their applications:A review

流域水环境污染模型是研究流域水环境问题的重要工具,通过对整个流域系统及其内部发生的复杂污染过程定量化描述,识别污染物主要来源和迁移途径,估算污染负荷,评价其对流域水环境的影响,可为流域规划与管理提供决策依据.本文对当前国内外广泛应用的流域水环境模型,尤其是模拟污染负荷的模型进行了系统总结,主要包括污染负荷模型(GWLF与PLOAD)、受纳水体水质模型(QUAL2E与WASP)、以及集成污染负荷与水体水质的综合流域模型(HSPF、SWAT、AGNPS、AnnAGNPS、SWMM),着重介绍各模型的结构原理与主要特点,讨论模型实际应用的局限性.此外,还对其他水质模型(CE-QUAL-W2、EFDC和AQUATOX)与综合流域模型(GLEAMS和MIKE SHE)进行了简要的总结.最后,通过对单个模型独立运用和多个模型联合运用的案例分析,探讨了流域水环境污染模型的发展趋势与应用前景.

Watershed water environment pollution model is the important tool for studying watershed environmental problems. Through the quantitative description of the complicated pollution processes of whole watershed system and its parts, the model can identify the main sources and migration pathways of pollutants, estilnate the pollutant loadings, and evaluate their impacts on water environ- ment, providing a basis for watershed planning and management. This paper reviewed the watershed water environment models widely applied at home and abroad, with the focuses on the models of pollutants loading （ GWLF and PLOAD ）, water quality of received water bodies （ QUAL2E and WASP）, and the watershed models integrated pollutant loadings and water quality （HSPF, SWAT, AGNPS, AnnAGNPS, and SWMM） , and introduced the structures, principles, and main charac- teristics as well as the limitations in practical applications of these models. The other models of wa- ter quality （CE-QUAL-W2, EFDC, and AQUATOX） and watershed models （GLEAMS and MIKE SHE） were also briefly introduced. Through the case analysis on the applications of single model and integrated models, the development trend and application prospect of the watershed water envi- ronment pollution models were discussed.