呼和浩特市变应性鼻炎患者患病特征调查

Clinical characters of the allergic rhinitis in Hohhot city

目的通过调查300例变应性鼻炎(AR)患者,获得呼和浩特市地区AR的患病特征;监测相应时期本地区空气气传花粉的物种构成与浓度,探讨AR发病与本地区气候环境因素的关系。方法对2012年3月～2012年10月经皮肤点刺试验确诊的300例AR患者完成相关问卷调查。收集此阶段本地区空气气传花粉的种类和浓度数据,对以上资料进行统计学分析。结果共完成调查问卷300人次,有效调查266人次;其中男性119例,女性147例;30.83%的患者有家族过敏史;AR患者以中重度持续性为主(77.82%)。变应原点刺试验中阳性率最高的的前4位变应原分别是艾蒿[202例(75.9%)]、大豚草[162例(60.9%)]、蒲公英[147例(55.3%)]、藜花粉[115例(43.2%)]。患者就诊人数最多的3个月份别是8月份(35.71%)、7月份(24.81%)、5月份(9.02%);4、8、7月份花粉颗粒总数最多,其中各月均有1种花粉计数比例最高的物种,分别是树1(53.11%)、菊科蒿属(52.24%)、藜科(60.87%)。结论通过本次调查分析,获得了呼和浩特市地区AR患者的一般患病特征,空气中气传花粉的监测对AR的预防和治疗有重要指导意义。

OBJECTIVE To obtain the clinical features of the allergic rhinitis patients in Hohhot by investigating 300 outpatients diagnosed at Department of Otolaryngology in Inner Mongolia People＇s Hospital,to monitor the composition and concentration of pollen species in airborne during corresponding period in Hohhot,and to explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis and the factors of environment and climate.METHODS A related survey analysis were carried out among 300 patients diagnosed clearly from March to October in 2012 in the Inner Mongolia People＇s Hospital.At the same time,the data of types and concentration of pollen drift during this period in Hohhot were collected and statistical analyses were used for the above information.RESULTS A total of 300 persons were completed the investigation and the effective surveys were 266 persons.There were 119 male and 147 female cases.30.83% of the patients had a family history of allergy in surveyed population.According to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and treatment guidelines,there were mainly moderatesevere persistent AR（77.82%）.The highest positive rate allergens were mugwort,ragweed,dandelions and pigweed pollen,and were 202 cases（75.9%）,162 cases（60.9%）,147 cases（55.3%）and 115 cases（43.2%）respectively.The largest number of patients who see a doctor were in August（35.71%）,July（9.02%）,and May（9.02%）.The largest amount of pollen was in April,August and July,in which the first three highest pollen proportions were the tree of number one（53.11%）,Asteraceae Artemisia（52.24%）and Chenopodiaceae（60.87%）respectively.CONCLUSION The characteristics of clinical presentation of AR at outpatients in Hohhot were obtained.The monitoring airborne pollen is important for prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.