人精液的冻贮研究

The study of cryopreservation in human spermatozoa

目的 研究在T-G型冷冻保护剂(Cryopreservative medium, CPM)作用下，速缓冻贮法对人精子结构和功能的影响。方法 随机双盲对照, 将45份正常精液随机分组，加与不加CPM ，以速缓冷冻法分别进行冻贮，冻贮前后分别进行常规分析、低渗肿胀试验、穿卵试验、超微结构观察及精子染色体分析。结果 未加CPM组冻贮后的精液未见有精子复苏, 经冷冻保存的精子质量明显降低，缓冻法对精子的影响显著小于速冻法，精子染色体的畸变率及X/Y精子比例均未见明显变化。结论 速、缓冻贮对人精子均有负面影响，缓冻法优于速冻法，两法对精子染色体畸变率和性染色体比例未产生明显影响。

：Objective To study the effect of slow or quick freezing- storing on the function and ultrastructure of human spermatozoa with T-G type cryopreservative medium(CPM) as cryoprotectant during a longer period. Methods 45 normal semen samples were subjected to cryopreservation with or without T-G type CPM and slow or quick freezing- storing respectively. Fresh and frozen-thawed semen were examined by the routine analysis of semen and spermatozoa hypoosmotic swelling test and spermatozoa in vitro penetrate zona-free hamster ova assay and spermatozoa head ultrastructure observation and spermatozoa chromosome analysis. Results No spermatozoa in cryopreservated semen without T-G type of CPM was alive after thawed. The quality of frozen-thawed human semen by slow and quick freezing- storing methods with T-G type CPM was significantly lower than that of fresh semen(Ｐ<0.01) and the effect of slow freezing method was smaller than that of quick freezing method(Ｐ<0.01). Neither of the methods increased the rate of spermatozoa chromosome abnormalities and X/Y ratio of human spermatozoa(0.90<Ｐ<0.95). Conclusion Both cryopreservation methods have negative effect on human spermatozoa and the slow freezing method is better than the quick one. The sperm chromosome and X/Y spermatozoa ratio are not significantly affected by the two methods.