新疆开都河鱼类区系组成与分布

Fauna composition and distribution of fish in the Kaidu River of Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region

2004～2013年间对新疆开都河鱼类的种类和分布进行了10次野外调查，根据不同的海拔和生境，设置鱼类采集点22个，共采集鱼类标本1990号，分属3目7科19种。其中土著鱼类3种，由裂腹鱼类和高原鳅类构成；外来鱼类16种，隶属2目5科16属，鲤科鱼类占绝对优势。与历史资料相比，土著鱼类中扁吻鱼（Aspiorhynchus laticeps）、塔里木裂腹鱼（Sehiorhorax biddulphi）、扁嘴裂腹鱼（Schiorhorax esocinu）和高原裸裂尻鱼（Schiorhorax stoliczkae Steindachner）未见，而外来鱼类则增加了12种，形成了土著鱼类与外来鱼类共存的生态格局；开都河鱼类区系及分布有较明显的多样性和地域性，受人为干扰、水温及大坝阻隔的影响，出山口后河段以外来鱼类占主导，而出山口以上河段则仍以土著鱼类为主，二者在空间分布上有较明显的界限。开都河鱼类区系的演变过程可分为两个阶段：稳定和发展阶段；人工引种后剧烈变化阶段。土著鱼类的保护管理应由政府牵头，进行保护、监测、科研等规划的顶层设计，突出栖息地生境的保护。

From 2004 to 2013, fish species of Kaidu River and their distribution were investigated 10 times. According to different altitudes and habitats, 22 sampling locations were set up, and a total of 1990 specimen belonging to 3 order, 7 families and 19 species were collected. 3 species of them were endemic species, and composed of Schizothoracinae and Triplophysa. 16 species of them were alien species, and they belonged to 2 orders, 5 families 16 genera. Cyprinidae fishes were dominant species. Compared with historical data, 4 endemic species disappeared and 12 alien species were found. Ecological pattern of coexist of endemic species and alien species formed. Fish fauna of Kaidu River showed an obvi- ous diversification and regionalism, under the impact of anthropogenic interference, water temperature and dam separa- tion. Alien species were dominant after mountain pass, and endemic species were dominant before mountain pass, and there was an obvious boundary between the spatial distribution of endemic species and alien species. Evolution of fish fauna in Kaidu River can be divided into two stages： stable and developmental stage, dramatically changed stage after alien spe- cies were artificially introduced. Endemic fish protection should be led by government, conducting top - level design of protection, monitoring and scientific research. Habitat protection should be highlighted.