野牛平腹吸虫的生活史研究

THE LIFE HISTORY OF HOMALOGASTER PALONIAE POIRIER, 1882 (TREMATODA: GASTRODISCIDAE)

本文首次报道野牛平腹吸虫的生活史,证实尖口圆扁螺和半球多脉隔扁螺为湖南长沙地区本虫的中间宿主。虫卵在适宜温度25—31℃水pH5.5—6条件下经32—13天孵出毛蚴,室温27.07±4.19℃时,毛蚴侵入扁卷螺后30天开始自螺体逸出尾蚴,囊蚴被乳牛和山羊吞食后分别需98和86天发育成熟排卵。文中描述了本虫各期形态构造和某些生物学特性,最后提出本地区牛羊的感染季节主要是在7—10月间,建议冬春两季给予药物驱虫。

The present paper described the life history of Homalogaster paloniae for the first time. The results could be summarized as below:1. The rate of development of the eggs depended greatly on the temperature. At 25—31℃ and pH 5.5—6, the eggs developed well and the miracidia hatched in 32—13 days. The optimum temperature was 30—31℃ at which the miracidia hatched in 13 days while at 38℃, the eggs were found dead.2. It was proved by expermental infection that the intermediate host of Homalogaster paloniae were Hippeutis catori and polypylis hemispherula which sporocysts, radiae and cercariae and a few mother radiae containing young radiae at the later period of infection were found out in. The time for developing of the parasite in the snails bears a close relation to temperature. At the air temperature of 27.07±4.19℃, mature sporocysts, one of which contained 2—4 radiae and 7—9 developed embryo-balls, were observed on the 11th day after infection of the snails. On the 16th day mature radiae were seen in the snails with some small cercariae developed inside. Emergence of cerceariae from snail was noted from the 30th day.3. It was showed that the parasite matured in the cow and goat on the 98th and 86th day, respectively, after infection.4. According to the development of the parasite and the biological characters of planorbid snails in Changsha, we suggested that cattle and goat were naturally infected mainly between July-October in the region and the parasite could be drived out of hosts with medicine in winter and spring.