有机肥和化肥配施对温室黄瓜土壤酶活性的影响

Effect of Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Enzymic Activities in Greenhouse Cucumber Field

土壤酶活性可以表征土壤生态系统的功能,而不同施肥方式影响着土壤酶的时空特性。通过设施内田间栽培黄瓜试验,研究有机肥和化肥不同施用方式对土壤中性磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和转化酶动态特性的影响。结果表明：设施内菜田土壤酶活性随土层的加深而减弱,0~10cm土层酶活性明显高于10~20cm。对照（CK）处理、单施有机肥（M）处理和有机肥配施氮磷钾（MNPK）处理10~20cm土壤4种酶活性平均分别为0~10cm土层酶活性的86.09%、78.25%和84.13%。菜田耕层土壤酶活性随作物生育时期变化明显,作物旺盛生长期土壤酶活性高,而作物生长初期和末期,土壤酶活性较低。施用有机肥、化肥可以调节土壤酶活性：施用半腐熟有机肥,生育初期酶活性低,生育后期逐渐升高;施用氮肥,在黄瓜各个生育期均不同程度地降低了酶的活性,而增施磷、钾肥却不同程度地提高了酶的活性,3个时期过氧化氢酶活性平均提高幅度为21.2%~33.3%,转化酶为8.9%~11.9%,脲酶为49.4%~85.9%。因此,施肥对土壤酶活性动态特性具有一定调节作用。

Soil enzyme activity can characterize the function of soil ecosystem, and different ways of fertilization can affect the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil enzymes. This paper deals with the influence of different ways of application of manure and chemical fertilizer on the activities of soil neutral phosphatase, urase, catalase and invertase in greenhouse cucumber field. The results showed that soil enzymatic activities became lower with increasing depth of soil layer, the enzymatic activities of 0~10cm were higher than that of 10-20cm. The average value of enzymatic activities in 10-20cm were 86.09%, 78.25% and 84.13% of that in 0-10cm for CK, M and MNPK treatment, respectively. They changed greatly at different growth stages with the highest activities at the vigorous growth stage of cucumber, and less active at initial stages and telophase. The application of manure and chemical fertilizer could change the soil enzyme activity under certain conditions. The activities of soil enzymes decreased at the beginning of growth and increased at the later stages in the treatments with application of half decomposed manure, and could be reduced in the treatment with manure added nitrogen, whereas increased in the addition of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The activities of soil catalase, invertase and urase were increased averagely by 21.2%-33.3%, 8.9%-11.9% and 49.4%-85.9% throughout the growth stages, respectively. Fertilization could regulate the dynamics of soil enzymatic activities in some range.