计算流体力学在大型风力机空气动力学的应用进展

Progresses in Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Large Scale Wind Turbine Aerodynamics

针对大型风力机设计中的关键空气动力学问题,比较系统地介绍了计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法的主要应用,特别是在大型风力机翼型气动分析、风力机流动的数值模拟、风轮空气动力特性的数值计算以及大型风力机叶片的多目标气动优化设计方面的进展.基于CFD方法分别实现了风力机翼型与叶片二维/三维气动特性的准确预测,风力机尾流场涡系结构的准确捕捉;并结合多目标遗传算法对1.5 MW风力机叶片进行了优化,获得了具有高风能利用效率的叶片方案.

The applications of computational fluid dynamics （CFD） methods in aerodynamic problems for the design of large scale wind turbines were introduced, especially progresses in the aerodynamic analyses of wind turbine profiles, numerical simulation of flow around wind turbines, numerical computation of aerodynamic performance and multi-objective aerodynamic optimization for large scale wind turbine blades were extensively discussed. With CFD methods, significant prediction was conducted for the 2D/3D aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine airfoils and blades, the vortex structure of the wake flow was accurately captured. Combined with the efficient multi-objective genetic algorithm, a 1.5 MW NH-1500 optimum blade design with high wind energy conversion efficiency was obtained.