具有缺陷产品的双渠道闭环供应链网络均衡

The Equilibrium of Closed-loop Supply Chain Network with Dual Channel and Imperfect Product

本文研究了供应商向制造商供应原材料,制造商制造的产品(其中部分含有缺陷),通过零售商渠道和电子商务渠道销售给消费者,以满足消费市场需求,同时考虑消费者消费后产生的废旧品经由回收中心处理再到制造商处进行再制造的闭环供应链网络均衡模型。运用变分不等式理论和互补理论,分别刻画了供应市场、制造市场、零售市场、消费市场以及回收中心的最优行为,进而建立了双渠道闭环供应链网络均衡模型。利用变分不等式的对数二次型预测与校正(LQP-PC)算法,设计了模型求解算法。结合算例分析了双渠道、再制造率和产品缺陷对网络均衡的影响。算例结果表明:当制造商采用电子商务销售渠道时,对传统渠道会造成一定影响;制造商的再制造率增加时,制造商的利润显著增加,供应链的整体利润也有所增加;制造商的产品缺陷率降低时,其自身利润有所增加,而供应链整体利润增加明显。本文的研究结论对未来双渠道闭环供应链网络均衡的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。

Previous work which dealing with supply chain network equilibrium is expanded in this paper to the field of closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium with dual channel and imperfect products. The closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium model consists of the supply market, manufacture market, the retail market, the consumer market, and recovery market. The suppliers provide the manufacturers raw material, the manufacturers make products and some of which includes flaw, the products satisfying consumers are sold by retailers channel and electronic channel, the used products in consumer market are returned to manufacturers by recovery centers. Firstly, bBased on finite-dimensional variational inequalities and complementary theory, the mathematic model of the closed-loop supply chain network is built and the equilibrium conditions is obtained. Then, the logarithmic-quadratic proximal prediction-correction （LQP-PC） algorithm is designed to solve the equilibrium state of the network model presented. Further,a numer-ical example considering different situations is used to illuminate the effects of parameters including reman- ufacturing rate, products flaw rate and dual channel on the equilibrium. The results indicate that when in- troducing the electronic channel, the electronic channel may affect the traditional channel; when the re- manufacturing rate increases, the profit of manufacturers increases remarkably and the profit of the whole supply chain enhance too; when the imperfect products rate decreases, the increment rate of manufactur-ers＇ profit is less than that of the whole supply chain＇s profit. The conclusions obtained in this paper pro- vide meaningful insights that lead into a number of areas for future research on network equilibrium in closed-loop supply chains with dual channel.