灰飞虱发生消长规律与播期调控玉米粗缩病研究

Occurrence and Dynamics of Small Brown Planthopper and Control of Maize Rough Dwarf Disease with Sowing Date in Maize

为明确灰飞虱田间爆发的动态规律及其与玉米粗缩病发生的相互作用,降低粗缩病发病率和减少对玉米等作物产量损失,2008 ～2010年在麦田和玉米田系统调查了灰飞虱的发生消长规律,并设置11个播种期调查分析玉米粗缩病发病规律.结果表明：济宁市越冬灰飞虱虫量平均在75 000头/hm2以上,大部分以2龄或3龄若虫在稻茬麦田越冬,越冬死亡率极低；初春后越冬若虫开始发育,5月上中旬始现一代灰飞虱成虫,下旬开始由稻茬麦田向旱作麦田和玉米苗田迁飞；6月上旬灰飞虱在旱作麦田密度达最大；6月中旬前后大量迁飞到玉米田；6月下旬随着温度和湿度升高一代灰飞虱大量死亡,部分迁到杂草上越夏,进入下一个生长周期.播种期是影响粗缩病的重要因子.5月初至6月上旬播种玉米后,玉米多处于10叶以下的敏感叶龄期,在灰飞虱成虫扩散高峰期和传毒率较高的环境下几乎完全致病,6月20日后播种的玉米出苗后能够避开灰飞虱成虫扩散高峰,受传毒的几率明显降低.因此,根据气候资料及时预报灰飞虱发生数量和动态,确定玉米安全播种期等农业措施,在时间和空间上严格有效控制玉米粗缩病发生,为科学防控灰飞虱危害提供技术支持.

The small brown planthopper （SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fall6n） becomes an important pest of maize plant since it causes serious vegetal damage by direct feeding and transmitting its virus disease in recent years. With the intention of alleviating the loss of maize yield caused by the maize rough dwarf disease （ MRDD）, the occurrence and dynamics of SBPH at each development stage in wheat and maize field were studied from 2008 to 2010, meanwhile 11 various planting date experiments were conducted in order to make sure of the safe planting date for maize production. Results showed that the average density of SBPH larva that had live through the winter was close to 75 000 heads per hectare,that mainly existed in the form of instar 2 or instar 3 perched on rice stubble. The first ling. Because of higher temperature and humidity, the SBPH either partly died or partly lived through the summer on the weeds to begin a new growth cycle. From the results of the different planting date experiment in 2009 to 2011, it showed that the rate of MRDD was always high ,for the reason of maize seedlings under 10 leaf stage planted during May to the early June were susceptible of MRDD, and the pathogenic fastigium of SBPH during that period. Therefore the safest sowing date was on 20th June to avoid the migrating fastigium of SBPH. With the scientific forecast of the dynamic occurrence of SBPH according to the analysis and prediction of local meteorological data, we may take effective ways to control the disservice of SBPH to maize nroduction.