动人为主、动钱为辅——如何在区域发展战略调整中避免经济“欧洲化”

Migrating People Prior to Fiscal Transferring——How to Avoid Economy“Europeanization”in Adjustment of Regional Development Strategy

在一国内部,经济和人口向少数地区集聚是实现经济发展的规模效应的客观需要。如果不尊重经济规律,则会导致资源配置的低效率,不利于经济持续发展。简单通过转移支付来均等化地区间的经济规模,结果是不利于缩小人均意义上的收入和生活质量差距。而地区间劳动生产率差距巨大,加上单一的货币,则给中国经济埋下了类似欧债危机的地方政府债务风险。化解这些风险的出路应该是通过户籍和土地制度的改革,促进劳动力的自由流动,提高资源配置效率,实现经济的持续发展。在劳动力自由流动的前提下,财政转移支付应该用于补贴人口流出地的公共服务提供。

The agglomeration of economy and population within a country is the requirement of large-scale economic development. If policy-makers do not follow the economic law, the efficiency of resource allocation will be worsened, and sustainable economic development harmed. To equalize regional economic development by simply using fiscal transfer will not efficiently narrow interregional disparity in income per capita and life quality. The wide interregional productivity disparity and united currency might lead to potential debt crisis, which is similar to European debt crisis, for the local government. The way out of the risk is to reform the household registration and land system to promote labor mobility and to improve resource allocation efficiency, so as to sustain economic growth. In the premise of free labor mobility, fiscal transfer should be used to subsidize public services in population-losing regions.