非洲新能源发展的动力及制约因素

Impetus and Constraints behind African Renewable Energy Development

非洲能源基础设施发展不足,环境保护与经济较快增长的矛盾越来越突出,能耗不断攀升,化石能源进出口贸易逆差不断扩大,能源安全形势日趋严峻,全球发展转型步伐加快带来巨大压力,这些问题是制约非洲发展的关键因素,也是推动非洲新能源发展的内在动因。当前,全球投向新能源领域的资金已超过化石能源领域,技术发展使新能源单位成本不断下降,并打开了普及应用的瓶颈,这将进一步为国际资本和技术与非洲资源、市场的结合铺平道路,拉动非洲的新能源发展。但非洲新能源经济总量小、多层次的发展不平衡、普遍存在的政府引导、支持能力不足等因素,却制约着内外两股力量的发挥和整合。非洲各国政府应制定新能源发展目标,围绕新能源发展调整、优化产业布局,并着力改造能源市场存在结构性缺陷的旧格局,充分使用离网技术及各种风险缓释工具,努力抓住新能源革命这一跨越发展的战略机遇。

In Africa, the inadequate infrastructure in energy sector, conflicts between environmental protection and fast economic growth, high energy consump- tion, fossil energy trade deficit, energy security risks, and pressures from the transi- tional world are more and more serious. The author argues that these issues can be constraints as well as impetus for Africa＇ s renewable energy development. Today, global investment in renewable energy is higher than in fossil energy, and the per- unit cost of renewable energy is going down sharply owing to development of new technologies, which will promote African renewable energy development by linking international capital and technologies to Africa ＇ s local resources and markets. However, the integration of the external impetus with the local one is ob- structed by the small - scale, unbalance, wrong institutional mechanism, and poor government measures in African renewable energy. Therefore, it is necessary for Afri- can countries to set down a lot of new policies to grasp the opportunities of renewable energy revolution, such as renewable energy development strategy, structural adjust- ment strategy, breaking monopoly, appropriate use of off - grid power generation sys- tem and risk countermeasures, etc.