城市管治“智慧化”:电子管治到智慧管治的嬗变

Intelligence of Urban Governance: The Transmutation from E-governance to Smart Governance

自1990年代以来,城市与区域管治就已成为国内外城市地理学、政府管理学等研究领域持续关注的热点问题之一。与城市社会、经济、文化等发展密不可分的同时,城市管治也与不同时期的技术发展水平形成非严格的耦合关系。作为信息技术革命高级阶段的衍生物,"智慧城市"概念在全球范围的城市科学研究、城市建设实践中得以持续深化,城市管治也随之因此日趋呈现出智慧化的特征,即"智慧管治"。本文通过文献综述方法对"电子管治"到"智慧管治"转变的过程进行了大致梳理:(1)城市管治由"管制"衍化而来,与全球技术水平革新、生产力及生产方式优化密切相关;(2)作为"智慧管治"的初级形式,电子管治,尤其是电子政务,在一定程度上帮助政府管理重获城市居民信任,充分体现"电子"形式的民主;(3)随着物联网、LBS、微博等新一代信息通信技术载体的广泛使用,"智慧管治"得以产生并发展,内涵相较于电子管治更为丰富且深刻。

Since the 1990s, research on urban governance has become one of the hot topics that international urban studies have been paying attention to. With urban social, economic and cultural development inseparable, urban governance also forms not strict coupling relationship with different period of technology revolution. As one of the derivatives formed in information technology revolution senior phase, the ＂Smart City＂ concept continues to be deepening by urban seiemific research and urban actual construction in global range. Therefore, urban governance is presenting a ＂smart＂ characteristic, namely ＂Smart Governance＂. In this paper, through literature review at home and abroad, research on the transformation of＂E-Governance＂ to ＂Smart Governance＂ are roughly combined： （1）The urban governance is optimized from ＂Governance＂, and is closely related with global technology revolution, productivity and production; （2） As a primary form of ＂Smart Governance＂, Electronic Governance, especially the E-government, it helps the government management to regain urban resident＇s trust, to a certain extent. It fully embodies the democracy in ＂electronic＂ form; （3） With the wide use of the new generation of information and communication technology, such as the Internet of Things and Micro blog, the ＂Smart Governance＂ begins to emerge and develop, and its connotation is rich and profound compared with ＂Electronic Governance＂.