香稻种质性状的综合评价与选择育种探讨

Comprehensive valuation of main agronomic charactersof aromatic rice and their application to selective breeding

选取太湖农区和国内其他地区的62份香稻材料进行主要性状综合分析评价，结果表明：供试香稻的种质性状变异系数差异较大，为6．41％～25．85％，表现具有形态特性上的多样性；62份香稻种质的15个性状中，单株有效穗、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、单株产量、剑叶长、着粒密度、穗长等遗传多样性指数均高于1．50，表现具有较丰富的遗传性；对5个公因子聚类分析表明，62份香稻种质材料可分为四大组群，其中47份种质的穗粒结构协调、单株产量较高，且有较大的选择范围，这为香稻的产量性状改良与优选提供了可能。

Field experiments with 62 aromatic rice varieties from the Taihu Agricultural Area and other areas of China were carried out and those varieties＇ main agronomic characters were compre- hensively analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficients of the varieties＇ agronomic char- acters were considerably different, ranging from 6.41% to 25.85% and demonstrating diversity in morphological character~ In the 15 characters of the 62 varieties, effective spikes per plant, filled grains per spike,grains per spike, yield per plant, flag leaf length, spikelet density and panicle length were above 1.50 in genetic diversity index, having a relatively rich genetic diversity; The cluster analy- sis of 5 common factors indicated that the 62 aromatic rice varieties could be divided into 4 groups, and 47 varieties of them had a coordinated panicle-spikelet structure and a high yield per plant as well as a comparatively large range of options,providing a possibility to improve and optimize yield traits of ar- omatic rice.