政治消费视域下文学与政治的关系——以建国30年的文学现象为例

Study on the Relationship between Literature and Politics from the Perspective of Political Consumption——Taking Literary Phenomena of the 30 Years after the Founding of PRC

政治消费是人诸多消费中的一种。中国文学批评史上,在政治优先性的前提下,文学的生产、消费与政治消费都产生了紧密的关系。在文学创作中,政治消费主要体现在作者如何对政治进行诠释、演绎,文学是对政治的直接表达还是将政治隐蔽在文学的书写中;在文学批评中,政治消费主要体现在受众对文学中政治因素的挖掘与分享,对文学中政治因素的牵强附会解释还是通过情理的描述来展示政治之于人的意义。政治消费是探讨政治与文学关系的出发点,消费的政治为何,决定了文学与政治关系的发展方向。从马克思关于美的相关定义可以得出,文学中的政治应是人的本质力量感性显现形式,而不是权力的竞技场。

There are closed relationships between literary production, consumption and political consumption under the precondition of political priority in the history of Chinese literary criticism. In literary creation, political consumption is mainly reflected in the authors interpretation and deduction of politics, that is, whether literature is to express politics directly or to hide it. In literary consumption, political consumption is mainly reflected in the readers excavating and sharing of political factors, that is, whether they interpret the political factors as far-fetched or through rational reading. As the starting point to study the relationship between literature and politics, political consumption determines the direction of this relationship. According to Marxist theory of esthetics,politics in literature should be the sensibility representation of human nature instead of power arena.