早期英国文化研究的“文化论争”与“范式转型”——以E.P.汤普森为中心

On “Cultural Controversy” and “Paradigm Transition” in Early British Cultural Research——Focused on E.P.Thompson

E.P.汤普森结合英国工人阶级的"形成"过程对雷蒙德·威廉姆斯的"文化"定义展开批判,进一步丰富了"文化"定义的多重面向。以佩里·安德森为代表的第二代英国新左派积极从欧陆寻求理论资源,引发与英国本土以经验为特色的文化马克思主义的一系列影响深远的论争。早期英国文化研究的"文化论争"不仅偏离了利维斯主义狭隘保守的"文化"观念,将文化的意涵进一步扩大到日常经验,并且重视"文化"作为激进政治载体的抵抗潜能。同样,围绕人道主义马克思主义与结构马克思主义、"经验"与"理论"的思想交锋,既促成了英国文化研究内部的范式转型,也为当下学界重返伯明翰,进而理清文化研究的理论系脉打开了一扇重要的窗口。

Combing the formation of British working class, E. P. Thompson criticized the definition of ＂culture＂ by Raymond Williams, thus enriched the multiple aspects of the definition of ＂culture＂. The new left wing of the second generation, represented by Perry Anderson,actively sought theoretical re- sources from the continent,so it caused a series of significant debates with cultural Marxism in Britain. The ＂cultural controversy＂ in early British Cultural Studies not only deviated from the narrow and con- servative ＂cultural＂ concept of Leavisism, enlarged the connotation of ＂culture＂ to cover daily experience,but also regarded ＂culture＂ as a resistant potential of drastic political carrier. Likely,the de- bate between humanistie Marxism and constructive Marxism,and that between ＂experience＂ and ＂theo- ry＂,not only led to the internal paradigm transition, but also opened a window to clarify the theoretical systems in British Cultural Studies.