面向磁约束聚变实验的先进中子发射谱仪诊断的研究

Study of advanced neutron emission spectrometry diagnostics for tokamak fusion experiments

本文评述了EAST和HL-2A托卡马克装置上开展的聚变发射中子谱仪研究的进展.面向等离子体物理研究和ITER装置中子诊断技术发展的最新需求,针对EAST和HL-2A托卡马克装置的低中子产额(109–1011s 1)场,设计和发展了全数字化的液体闪烁谱仪和芪晶体中子谱仪.进行了EAST和HL-2A放电实验聚变中子产额随时间演化规律的研究,开展了HL-2A装置上NBI辅助加热效果的评估和EAST聚变等离子体锯齿震荡的中子通量诊断.使用液体闪烁谱仪和芪晶体中子谱仪测量实现了EAST放电的芯部聚变离子温度诊断,首次将托卡马克装置实验中子能谱直接诊断离子温度的下限推到1 keV以下.在EAST装置上建设的双环式球形阵列中子飞行时间谱仪将为托卡马克装置辅助加热和快离子物理研究打下坚实的基础.

The research progress of fusion neutron emission spectrometers in the EAST and HL-2A takamaks is reviewed. Considering the requirements for plasma physics research and neutron diagnostic development for the ITER device, two digital liquid scitillation spectrometers and a stilbene crystal spectrometer were set up for the discharges with the low neutron yield （109-1011 s-l） on EAST and HL-2A. We present some neutron spectrometry diagnostic results, such as the time traces of fusion neutron count rates during the EAST discharges, the evaluation of the heating effect in HL-2A neutral beam injection experiments and the neutron diagnostics of sawtooth instability in EAST plasmas. The ion temperature diagnostics of the core plasma were made by using the stilbene neutron spectrometer and the liquid scintillation neutron spectrometer in EAST, and the ion temperature measurement with the neutron emission spectrometer for the plasma with low temperature, which was less than 1 keV, was sfor the first time. A double ring neutron time-of-flight array spectrometer was designed and constructed on EAST for the fast ion physics and tokamak auxiliary heating research.