跨国外包体系中的技术溢出与承接国技术创新

Technology Spillovers in the Transnational Outsourcing System and the Technological Innovation of the Receiving Country

跨国外包并不像FDI或国际贸易通过单一路径发生技术溢出,而是通过进口溢出、出口溢出和纯知识溢出等多条路径共同作用。基于知识生产函数方法建立国际R&D溢出回归方程,分别检验跨国外包的各种技术溢出渠道对我国制造业技术创新的影响。研究发现,在跨国外包的三条技术溢出渠道中仅有进口溢出效应是显著的,并且存在较大的行业差异:高技术行业在低位点上显著,中等技术行业和低技术行业在中高位点处显著。实证结果说明了我国当地企业难以通过"出口中学习"、"交流中学习"实现技术创新。

Unlike FDI or international trade,transnational outsourcing does not incur technology spillovers through a singular path,but takes effect through the interaction of a variety of paths such as import spillovers,export spillovers and pure intellectual spillovers. This study is based on the knowledge production function method to establish the international R&D spillover regression equation,with a view to testing the effects of different technology spillover channels of transnational outsourcing on technological innovation of the Chinese manufacturing industry.The results show that among the three technology spillover channels of transnational outsourcing,only the import spillover effect is significant,and that there exist noticeable differences across industries: high-technology industries are significant in low-level points,whereas medium and low technology industries are significant in medium and high level points.Our empirical study suggests that it is hard for local Chinese enterprises to achieve technological innovation through'learning from exporting 'and'learning in exchanges.'