排除农牧民发展障碍--康藏农牧区发展政策实施状况调查

Removing the Barriers to the Development of Farmers and Herdsmen:A Survey of the Implementation Effects of Development Policies in the Kham Tibetan Region

对康藏地区农牧村庄和住户的抽样调查和案例研究表明,2006—2010年间农牧人口生存和发展的条件明显改善。低收入群体和贫困家庭也从普惠式的惠农政策、民生工程和社会保障体系建设中受益。然而在工程建设和新制度推广中普遍存在管理粗放、质量欠佳和公共服务不到位的问题。解决这些问题的路径:首先,通过基层民众参与公共政策的设计、执行和监督,重建政府与基层社会的联系。其次,强化政府和公立机构的能力建设。再次,将满足脆弱人群的基本需求,作为援藏项目的首要目标;将受援群体的基本需求满足程度,作为度量地区发展政策执行状况的主要指标。

Our sampling survey and case study of the farming-pastoral villages and households in the Kham Tibetan region reveals that the farming-pastoral population here saw remarkable improvement in their existence and development conditions during the 2006-2010period.Moreover,low-income groups and poor families also benefited from the shared-benefit agricultural policies,projects related to people's well-being and social security system building.Nevertheless,problems such as extensive management,low quality and insufficient public services still exist in the process of project construction and new system application.Countermeasures of these problems include: reestablishing the ties between the government and the basic-level society by mobilizing the masses to participate in public policy designing,implementation and supervision;strengthening the capacity building of the government and public organizations; and setting the meeting of the basic requirements of disadvantaged groups as top priority of aid-Tibet projects,and setting the satisfaction of the basic requirements of aided groups as a major indicator of measuring the implementation effects of local development policies.