浙江省社区护理人才培养现状及改革研究

Research on the status and reform direction of community nursing personnel education in Zhejiang province

目的 研究分析高校社区护理人才培养现状,探索人才培养改革方向.方法 采用方便抽样对浙江省11个地市160家一线社区卫生服务机构进行调研.修改、评定后的问卷内容效度为0.9,信度Cronbach＇s α系数为0.87.结果 收回有效问卷150份,有效率为93.8％,其中社区卫生服务中心119家,社区卫生服务站31家.多数社区机构（57.1％）认为当前护理专业人才培养方案不能满足社区护理工作需求,其存在的不足依次是：保健与康复知识不足（54.7％）、心理与法律等人文知识不足（45.2％）、流行病与预防医学知识不足（42.6％）、社区护理课时不够（40.0％）、护理科研等知识不足（18.7％）；多数社区机构（54.8％）认为高校可选择开设社区护理方向班的人才培养模式；高校应增设及强化的课程依次是：预防医学、康复医学、健康教育、心理学、流行病学、医学与社会学；社区护士应具备的核心能力为人际交往沟通能力、疾病综合护理能力、独立分析和解决问题的能力等.结论 当前高校护理专业人才培养方案还不能满足社区的工作需求,高校可开展社区护理方向班的人才培养模式的探索,构建规范的社区护理课程体系,突出社区护士核心能力的培养.

Objective To analyze the status of community nursing personnel training and explore its reform direction.Methods Totals of 160 community health service institutions in 11 cities in Zhejiang province were investigated by convenience sampling.The content validity of the modified questionnaire was 0.9,and the reliability Cronbach＇s α coefficient was 0.87.Results One hundred and sixty questionnaires were issued and 150 questionnaires were responsive with an effective response rate of 93.8％,including 119 community health service centers and 31 community health service station.Most community organizations （57.1％） thought that current personnel training program of nursing could not satisfy the requirements of practical community nursing.The shortcomings were as follows：1） insufficient health and recovery knowledge （54.7％） ; 2） insufficient humanity knowledge,such as psychology and law （45.2％） ; 3） insufficient knowledge about epidemic disease and preventive medicine （42.6％） ; 4） insufficient class hour on community nursing （40.0％） ; 5） insufficient knowledge on nursing research （18.7％）.Most community organizations thought it was necessary for the college to set up community nursing class （54.8％）.The courses they suggested were：preventive medicine,recovery medicine,health education,psychology,epidemic medicine,medicine and society.The core skills of the community nurses should include the skill to communicate with patients,the ability of disease systematic nursing,independent analysis and problem solving.Conclnsions Current college education can not fully meet the requirements of community nursing personnel training.College should set up special class on community nursing,revise the courses oriented towards community nursing,and emphasize the core skills of community nursing.