《资本论》的理论空间与哲学性质

The Theoretical Space and Philosophical Nature of Capital

对《资本论》当代性质的科学讨论,不能仅仅围绕《资本论》所蕴含的经济理论设计的严密性进行纯粹技术性的经济学论证,而必须深入到历史的本质性的维度中去,把《资本论》同时视为马克思唯物史观的哲学巨著,彰显其唯物史观品格。分析马克思思想发展的历程会发现,《资本论》的总问题起源于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,聚焦于《德意志意识形态》,公开宣示于《哲学的贫困》和《共产党宣言》。《资本论》的唯物史观性质集中表现在对全面统治现代人类经济社会活动的资本逻辑的批判,因而,只要资本逻辑依然在人类的生活中发挥着作用,《资本论》的批判性立场及其科学性,就绝不会因其个别理论判断的局限性而有丝毫动摇。这启示我们,在当下的学术研究中,包括哲学研究在内的任何学科的学术理论创新都必须植根于对丰富多彩的生活现实的理论反思;中国经济学的理论创新必须坚守马克思唯物史观的基本理论立场;《资本论》的唯物史观精髓,依然是我们正确认识当代资本主义和中国特色社会主义市场经济的理论利器。

Scientific discussions of the contemporariness of Capitalcannot stop at the purely technical verification of the rigorous economic theoretical plotting contained in it. Rather,we should delve deeper into the essential dimensions of history,and regard it as Marx's monumental philosophical work on the materialist view of history as well. A review of Marx's intellectual development reveals that the general issue of Capital originated in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,became prominent in The German Ideology,and was publically proclaimed in ThePovertyofPhilosophy and the Manifesto of the Communist Party.The materialist view of history of Capital is typically reflected in Marx's criticism of the logic of capital that dominates the social and economic activities of modern man.Therefore,so long as the logic of capital still plays a part in human activities,its critical stand and scientific nature will remain valid despite a few deficiencies in individual theoretical judgments.Therefore,innovation in contemporary academic research(including philosophy)must ground itself in a theoretical reflection of the colorful living reality;the theoretical innovation of Chinese economics must stick to the basic theoretical stand of Marx's materialist view of history; and the essence of the materialist view of history will continue to serve as our powerful theoretical tool for a proper understanding of contemporary capitalism and the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.