化学生物学中光敏分子微阵列的表面构建与应用

Construction and application of photo-sensitive molecular microarrays based on surface immobilization in chemical biology

分子微阵列是有机合成(特别是组合化学合成)方法应用于生物和医学研究而发展起来的高科技集成技术,通过把微电子、微加工技术和有机化学合成反应相结合,在固体基质(如硅片、玻片、瓷片等)表面构建微型的生物有机化学分子系统,以实现对细胞、蛋白质、核酸及其他生物组分进行快速、敏感、高效地处理.近年来,随着表面化学构建策略研究的不断深入和迅猛发展,分子微阵列技术的应用领域不断拓展,已从最初用于核酸分子的杂交测序延伸到基因组功能研究的各个方面.本文着重综述了光敏分子微阵列的表面化学构建策略研究及其在化学生物学分析中应用的最新进展,并展望了其发展的未来趋势.内容主要包括:小分子与多肽分子微阵列、蛋白质分子微阵列、核酸分子微阵列和糖分子微阵列等.

Molecular microarray or chip is a novel integrated high-technology developed from organic synthesis （specially, combinatorial chemistry） methods used in biological and medical sciences. Combining techniques such as microelectronic, microfabrication and semiconductor-based photolithography with organic synthesis, thousands of molecular probes can be arrayed or spotted on the surface of solid support （silicon pellet, glass slide or ceramic chip） to construct miniature bioorganic or biomimetic molecular system. So that a more rapid, sensitive and efficient way can be accomplished to process biological samples such as cells, proteins, nuclear acids and other biomolecule components. More recently, with the rapid development of construction strategies for molecular microarray, application of molecular microarray has been also expanded into many fields, from original use in hybridation and sequence of nuclear acids to the use throughout the research on proteomic function. Molecular microarray has made the cross osmosis more close between chemistry and biomedical science. This critical review emphasizes on the last advances in the construction of photo-sensitive molecular microarrays based on surface immobilization and the application in chemical biology analysis, and also points out the tendency of development in the future and prospect further. The content covers the various photo-responsive molecular microarrays such as chips of peptide, protein, nuclear acid, carbohydrate, and so on.