新型结核病疫苗的研究与应用进展

Progress on Development and Application of Novel Tuberculosis Vaccine

结核病是由结核杆菌复合群引起的一种人兽共患病。全球约三分之一的人感染结核,约10%发展为活动性结核病,严重者导致死亡。动物结核病除导致动物生产的损失外,还是人结核病的重要来源。BCG是人结核病预防的唯一疫苗,但存在一定缺陷。已报道了多种新型结核疫苗,如重组BCG、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗,病毒活载体疫苗等,其中一部分已经进入人体临床试验。动物结核疫苗的研究刚刚起步。獾BCG疫苗是第一个获执照的动物结核疫苗,牛、鹿、刷尾负鼠等动物的结核疫苗正在研究之中。但目前为止,还没有一个能取代BCG的商业化新型疫苗,结核疫苗研发工作任重道远。

Tuberculosis （TB） is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group.Approximately one third of the world＇s population is currently infected with tuberculosis,but only 10％ of infection further developing tuberculosis.The animal tuberculosis not only causes heavy economic losses to the livestock industry,but also is an important source of human tuberculosis.BCG is currently the only licensed vaccine for prevention of children tuberculosis,but it has some drawbacks.A variety of novel TB vaccines have been reported,such as recombinant BCG,novel attenuated live vaccines,subunit vaccines,DNA vaccines,live viral vector vaccines,some of which have entered into different stages of human clinical trials.However the research on animal tuberculosis vaccine has just started.Badger BCG vaccine is the first licensed animal TB vaccine.Other animal vaccines against tuberculosis for cattle,deers,and possums are being studies.However,there is no commercial novel TB vaccine to replace BCG.Therefore,there is still a long way to go for the research on development and application of novel vaccines against tuberculosis for both humans and animals.