论中国市辖区形成的历史过程

The Historical Course of the Formation of City Administration over District in China

中国市辖区的形成是长期发展演变的结果,其发展演变大致可以分为古代的萌芽时期、近代的过渡时期和解放后的形成时期。具体而言,萌芽时期最长,城市分区的历史最早可以追溯到西周时期,其后城市分区而治经历了双附郭县及多附郭县的设置,以及唐末五代城市专门行政管理机构出现后形成的各种城市分区而治的形式;晚清作为市辖区形成的过渡时期,形成了捕属和警区两种城市分区而治的形式;民国初年随着自治市的相继设立,警区逐渐向现代意义上的市辖区过渡,并最终于解放后在全国范围内形成了市辖区制度。

The formation of China~ city over district resulted from long-term evolution and development. The development and evolution of the government pattern covered roughly three stages, that is, the ancient forming stage, modern transition stage and post-liberation formation stage. Specifically speaking, the forming stage was the longest. Chinese history of city division dates back to the period of the West Zhou Dynasty ; after that, China＇ s city division went through the design of double attached counties and multi attached counties till the times of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. When the special urban executive administrative organ appeared, various types of city division took shape one after another. The late Qing Dynasty marked the transition stage of the forma- tion of city over district, establishing two forms of urban separate administration： criminal office and police office. With the continuous set of self - government cities in the early days of the Republic of China, the police office grad- ually turned into city over district in a modern sense, and finally forming the nationwide system of city over district after liberation.