《朱子语类》愚昧、痴狂概念词语类聚考探

An Investigative Exploration of the Classification of Expressions of Ignorance and Insanity in Zhu Xi's Notes of Chinese Varieties

词汇系统由一个个概念词语类聚关联而成,同一概念的词语类聚相当于一个词汇场。愚昧概念表示智力低下、反应迟钝和愚昧无知,痴狂概念表示思维或行为失常的状态。《朱子语类》中表达愚昧和痴狂概念的有"愚、蠢、昏、暗、闇、昧、鲁、钝、顽、村、痴、蚩、騃、呆、颠、狂、风、失心、丧心、心恙"等词,形成了以这些词及其组合成的词语为核心的概念词语网络。

Vocabulary consists of classified and mutually-related concept words, and a classification of words of the same concept is termed as a semantic field. The concept of stupidity refers to slow reflection and ignorance caused by hypophrenia, while the concept of insanity refers to the state of abnormal thinking or behaviour. The con- cepts of stupidity and insanity in Zhu Xi＇ s Notes of Chinese Varieties involved such Chinese words as ＂stupidity, foolishness, dimness, darkness, confusion, ignorance, rudeness, slowness, obstinacy, rusticity, silliness, savage- ness, stiffness, craziness, wildness, aggressiveness, mindlessness, frenziness and brain-damage＂. All these words make up the syntagmatic network of the words expressing the concepts of Ignorance and insanity.