调整与改造:从“新歌剧”到“新中国电影”的确立——论1949年前后《白毛女》文学剧本的修改与改编

Adjustment and Transformation: from “New Opera”to the Establishment of “New China Movies”——Revision and Adaptation of the Literary Script of The White Haired Girl around 1949

20世纪40年代问世的《白毛女》,从"新歌剧"到"新中国电影",以及各种艺术门类的修改及改编,是现当代中国文艺实践中不甚多见的重要文艺现象之一。而其作为"真正新的人民的文艺"的经典性作品之一,所体现并建构的新的国家意识形态及其美学,对于20世纪中国的社会历史演进及其文艺实践的左右影响,则产生着直接的互动作用与深刻联系。其中,1949年前后《白毛女》文学剧本的修改及改编,对"新歌剧"文本结构与主题思想的反复调整和改造,由"新歌剧"改编为"工农兵电影"的艺术策略及其政治意识形态指向,以及修改与改编活动中遵循倡导的"新的人民的文艺"及其"集体创作"生产方式与艺术经验,在《白毛女》艺术实践及其历史"虚构"以及当代"样板戏"与"样板戏电影"的创作活动中,都发生了重要的影响和作用。

The appearance of The White Haired Girl in the 1940＇ s, the conversion from ＂new opera＂ to ＂new China＇ s movie＂ and the revision and adaption in other artistic forms were regarded as extraordinary leading phe- nomena of literature and art in the practice of literature and art in modern and contemporary China. Actually, the revision and adapfion of the literary script of The White Haired Girl, repeated adjustment and transformation in tex- tual structure and theme, artistis strategy and ideological direction in transforming ＂new opera＂ into ＂worker-peas- ant-soldier movie＂ and the artistic view of ＂new literature and art for the people＂ and artistic experience and pro- ductive form of ＂collective creation＂ advocated in the activity of revision and adaption played great influence on and significant role in the artistic practice and historical ＂fiction＂ and in the artistic creation of ＂model operas＂ and ＂modem opera movies＂.