称谓语选择的社会制约因素

Social factors for choosing proper address forms

称谓语存在于所有语言之中。合适的称谓语会给对话者双方恰当地建立、维持和协调人际及社会关系提供有效的交际手段。为了能够清晰地呈现选择称谓语时需要考虑的社会制约因素,在总结国内外学者对称谓语进行的多角度研究成果的基础上,分析并阐释了涉及称谓语选择的大量实例,结果表明权势关系和等同关系是最基本的决定性因素,称谓发生的语域是必须考虑的因素;此外,还与称谓者双方年龄、称谓语变体以及因称谓语缺失而引起的泛化等因素密切相关。

Address forms are common in all both addresser and addressee with effective languages. Proper address forms can provide means of communication that help establish, maintain and coordinate interpersonal and social for choosing proper address forms, a summary relations. To clearly present social factors was made of researches and findings in multi-perspectives of scholars both at home and abroad and considerable examples related to the theme were analyzed. Findings show that power and solidarity are the most basic de-cisive factors, and the register in which address forms occur must be taken into account. Additionally, other closely related factors include the age of addresser and addressee, and address variation and generalization owing to lack of address forms.