关联理论视角下的语篇隐喻认知推理——以莎剧《如你所愿》中的一段经典独白为例

Cognitive inference of textual metaphors based on relevance theory——a case study of a quotation from Shakespeare’s As You Like It

隐喻是用一种事物理解和体验另一种事物,是源域向目标域的映射。隐喻不仅发生在词汇、句法层,而且还发生在语篇层面。依据关联理论对语篇中隐喻的运作机制和认知推理模式进行分析和探讨发现:语篇对概念隐喻具体化是将隐喻置于特定的语境中,通过读者把基于源域的经验根据自身的知识结构投射到目标域的概念结构上,构建最佳关联性的语篇认知语境,实现对语篇隐喻的理解。

Metaphor,in nature,is mapping across conceptual domains,from the source domain to the target domain.Metaphors occur not only on lexical and syntactic level,but also on the level of text.Relevance theory proposed by Sperber and Wilson helps to explain the working mechanism and cognitive inference of metaphors in texts.A conceptual metaphor is specified in a text.Readers understand the metaphor set in a given context by projecting their experience from the source domain into the target conceptual domain based on their own cognitive structure,thus constructing a textual cognitive context of optimal relevance.