金属材料工程力学行为学及其微细观过程理论

SCIENCE OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS OF METALLIC MATERIALS AND ITS MICRO-MESO-PROCESSES THEORY

分析了金属零部件在实际服役条件下力学行为(工程学结构)的研究现状，建议建立以微细观过程理论为指导思想的金属材料工程力学行为学，从晶粒范畴内产生的微观过程、在周围晶粒范围及中介区域内产生的细观过程，及其最后形成的有工程意义的宏观效应出发，综合地研究工程力学行为发生和发展的全过程，以形成更符合实际的物理力学模型及定量化理论。建立上述科学，有利于克服力学和材料科学分学科研究带来的局限性。根据多年来在钢材解理断裂和冷脆行为，金属疲劳裂缝萌生和疲劳极限，以及铝合金超塑性方面的研究，阐明建立上述科学的必要性与可能性。

The situation of the research works about the actual mechanical behaviors of metallic parts and constructions (engineering mechanical behaviors of metallic materials) is reviewed. It is proposed to establish an applied science, which is called as “science of engineering mechanical behaviors of metallic materials”, to overcome the limitations of metal science and mech anics in their understanding of different modes of mechanical behavior of metallic parts from their own standpoints. The theoretical basis of this science is a theory, called as “micro-meso-processes theory”, or MMP theory. According to this theory, it is emphasized that any kind of mechanical behavior of metallic parts should be understood comprehensively from its micro-processes (the processes occurring in the grain scope), its meso-processes (the processes occurring in the surrounding grains and in even wider regions), as well as its macroscopical expressions. It is believed that any quantitative theory more exactly reflecting the actual engineering mechanical behaviors can be established only on this basis. Some examples based on our research works about the cleavage and low-temperature brittleness of structural steels, the fatigue source formation and fatigue limit of metals and the super-plasticity of aluminum alloys are given out to make clear the significance and the necessity of establishment of such a science.