‘乔纳金’苹果及其脆肉变株的表型与分子鉴定

Phenotype and Molecular Identification of Jonagold Apple and Its Crisp Flesh Mutant

以‘乔纳金’苹果品种为对照,从果实与叶片形态、果实硬度、脆度、香气成分等表型特征以及AFLP分子标记两个层面,对脆肉变株进行了鉴定。结果表明:①‘乔纳金’苹果与其脆肉变株果实与叶片形态基本一致,但脆肉变株的平均单果重仅是‘乔纳金’苹果的83.4%,而果实硬度与脆度分别是‘乔纳金’苹果的1.5倍和1.2倍,具有果实变小、硬度及脆度变大的特点;②两份材料果实香气成分种类总数基本一致,但‘乔纳金’苹果酯类成分种类多、含量高,而脆肉变株醇类和醛类成分种类多、含量高;③AFLP分子标记聚类分析将‘乔纳金’及其脆肉变株聚为一类。结论认为,该脆肉变株就是‘乔纳金’苹果的脆肉芽变。

With Jonagold apple as control, its crisp flesh mutant was identified from phenotypic charac-teristics, including morphology of fruit and leaf, fruit hardness, brittleness and aroma components, and AFLP molecular marker. The results were as followed. ①The crisp flesh mutant was basically the same with Jon-agold apple in morphology of fruit and leaf. Its mean fruit weight was 83.4% of that of Jonagold apple. Its fruit hardness and brittleness were 1.5 and 1.2 times respectively of that of Jonagold apple. The crisp flesh mutant had the characteristics of smaller fruit and higher fruit hardness and brittleness. ②The total number of categories of aroma components of the two types was basically consistent. Esters in Jonagold apple had more categories and higher content, while alcohols and aldehydes in crisp flesh mutant. ③Jonagold apple and its crisp flesh mutant were clustered into one group by the cluster analysis of AFLP molecular marker. In conclu-sion, the crisp flesh mutant was the bud mutation on crisp flesh of Jonagold apple.