2012年南极长城站气象和海冰特征分析

ANALYSIS OF WEATHER AND SEA ICE AT THE ANTARCTIC GREAT WALL STATION IN 2012

基于中国第28次南极科学考察长城站越冬期间获取的常规气象和海冰观测资料,结合统计的1985—2010年气候值,对比分析了长城站2012年的气象及海冰特征。气象分析表明,该年平均气压和气温偏低,N—W风向频率显著偏低,E—SE风向频率显著偏高;雾日偏少,降雪量、吹雪及雪暴显著偏多;针对观测期间某些月份比较明显的气象要素和天气现象异常,从大气环流角度进行了分析解释。海冰观测表明,长城湾冰情变化受大气动力作用影响大,冰情稳定性差,外围海域海冰极不稳定,2012年4月至2012年11月冰情几经进退,先后交替出现3个完全冰冻和3个部分冰冻期。

Based on observation at the Great Wall Station （GWS） in 2012, weather and sea ice parameters are discussed in comparison with climate statistics from 1985 to 2010. This shows that annual air pressure and temperature were lower, north-through-west wind was less frequent, and east-through-southeast wind much more frequent than climat- ic means. There was significantly less fog, and snowfall and blowing snow were significantly greater than normal. Monthly Antarctic atmospheric circulations are studied to explain the GWS weather anomalies in 2012. This shows that sea ice in Great Wall Bay was in an unstable state and was more likely affected by atmospheric dynamics. Three frozen and three partially frozen periods occurred alternately in 2012.