北极地区盆地群油气地质特征及其资源潜力

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECT OF BASIN GROUPS IN ARCTIC REGION

北极地区具有超过4 000亿桶油当量的待发现技术可采储量,是未来全球油气勘探与开发的重要增长点。本文按照地理和地质构造因素将北极地区分为北冰洋海盆区和环北极含油气区(含潜在含油气盆地),按照板块演化及盆地发育历史将后者划分为北太平洋极地盆地群、俄罗斯极地盆地群和欧洲极地盆地群。根据大量文献和IHS数据,结合生油层、储层、盖层及圈闭特征方面的研究,系统对比、分析北极地区石油、天然气分布特征:北太平洋极地盆地群重要烃源岩形成于侏罗纪和白垩纪,盆地群中重要储层大部分都分布于新生界布鲁克斯层,油气系统以构造圈闭为主。俄罗斯极地盆地群中多数盆地具有古生代基底,受斯堪的纳维亚早古生代造山期变形、西伯利亚板块古生代西部造山变形影响,60%以上的烃源岩产自中生界,储层以中生界前陆、克拉通盆地沉积物为主,盖层分布较广,以中生界居多。欧洲极地盆地群受控于北大西洋洋脊的扩张和迁移,各盆地烃源岩分布于中生界,大部分储层分布于上白垩统—古新系,自生自储、古生新储为该区域盆地的主要成藏模式。其中,俄罗斯极地盆地油气储量最多,占北极地区总储量45%以上且勘探潜力最大。

As undiscovered, technically recoverable resources, there are over 400 billion barrels of oil （equivalent） in the Arctic region, which is significant for future exploration and exploitation. This work separates the Arctic region into an Arctic sea area and Circum-Arctic petroliferous basins, based on geographic and geologic factors. Three ba- sin groups-North Pacific, Russian and Western Europe-constitute the Circum-Arctic petroliferous area, according to tectonic evolution and basin development history. Based on the IHS （Information Handling Services）database and other information, this paper addresses petroleum characteristics with the paleoenvironment. The primary source rock in the North Pacific basin group formed in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The main reservoir was mostly located in the Brookian Sequence. Basins in the Russian basin group have a Paleozoic basement. Sixty percent of the source rock and major reservoir, which is composed of marine sediment, is from the Mesozoic era, with the signifi- cant cap rock located in the Mesozoic. The source rock and reservoir of the Western Europe basin group were both located in the Mesozoic due to the expansion and movement of the North Atlantic ocean ridge. Self-generation is the main hydrocarbon accumulation mode. The Russian basin group contains a large proportion of reserves-over 45 % of the total-and has great exploration potential.