腾冲红花油茶优树选择与优系对比试验园的建立

Establishment of Experimental Garden of Superior Tree Selection and Series Comparison of Camellia reticulata

为选育良种及为产业生产提供优质穗条，在腾冲红花油茶集中分布的滇西5县（区）开展优树选择。按照优树选择标准，经初选、复选、决选共选出优树50株，其平均单果重66．42g变幅39．7～99．9、鲜果出干籽率18．19％变幅14．1-25．2、种子出仁率69．35％变幅60，93～77．76、仁油率55．90％变幅50．89-62．68、果油率7．05％变幅5．2-10．2、果实产量3．53kg／m^2变幅1．55～8．47，优树间种实性状及果实产量差异仍然较大。利用优树无性系建立3个品比试验园，为长期保存优树种质、良种选育及开展种间杂交育种工作创造了条件。

To breed varieties and provide superior spikes of Camellia reticulata for production, superior tree selection was made in 5 counties distributed in western Yunnan province. In accordance with the standard of superior tree selection, 50 superior trees were selected after primary, re-selection and final selection. The average single fruit weight was 66. 42 g with amplitude 39. 7 ～ 99. 9. The rate of dry seed from fresh fruits was 18. 19% with amplitude 14. 1 -25.2. The rate of seed kernel was 69.35% with am- plitude 60. 93 ～ 77.76. Kernel oil rate was 55.90% with amplitude 50. 89 - 62. 68. The rate of fruit oil was 7.05% with amplitude 5.2 - 10.2. Fruit yield was 3.53 kg/m2 with amplitude 1.55 ～8.47. Differences of seed characters and fruit yields between superior trees were obvious. 3 experimental gardens of superior tree clones were constructed in order to create conditions for long time germplasm preservation of superior trees, breeding varieties and hybridization breeding.