试析清代工商业行会规约的原则——基于苏州地区碑刻史料

Principles in Making Industrial and Commercial Guild Regulations in Qing Dynasty:An Analysis Based on the Ancient Inscriptions in Suzhou City

根据碑刻史料的记载,清代政府对于工商业的监管较为宽松,商人们积极地建立公所、会馆这类行会组织并制定行会规约来更好地维护自己的利益。行会规约包含行会管理、商事组织、市场管理、行会救济等多种制度。民主、限制竞争、诚实信用、社会责任以及利益均沾等原则在这些制度中均有明确的体现,并且对于保障商业社会的稳定与繁荣起到了重要作用。

According to the ancient inscriptions on tablets, the commercial and industrial businesses were under loose supervision of the government of the Qing Dynasty. Merchants set up associations and guilds to make reg- ulations to safeguard their benefits better. These guild regulations include guild management system, commer- cial organization system, market management system and relief system. The regulations were formed according to the principles of democracy, restricting competition, faith and honesty, social responsibility and mutual bene- fits. These principles had an important effect on the stability and prosperity of the commercial society.