岷江上游山区聚落生态位地域边界划分与垂直分异分析

Delineation of Geographical Boundaries of Settlement Niches in Mountains of the Upper Reaches of the Min River and Analysis of Their Vertical Differentiation

山区聚落生态位是当地居民长期适应山地自然环境的结果,涵盖了人类居所在山地生态系统中所处的地理位置及居民生计所能利用的资源空间。基于SPOT-5遥感数据和GIS技术,对岷江上游山区聚落生态位边界进行甄别,提出了山区聚落生态位地域边界的划分方法,并对其分异特征进行定量分析。结果表明,河流、山脚、山沟、图像纹理和色差等因素对边界划分具有指示意义,是界定山区聚落生态位地域范围的关键因子;岷江上游山区聚落生态位地域面积介于2.27～528.67 hm2之间,且随着海拔升高而增大;在<1 600 m海拔段,聚落生态位的增速较小,当海拔高度超过1 600 m时,聚落生态位的增速明显增加。

Settlement niches in mountainous areas are the consequence of long-term adaption of local settlers to the natural environment of the mountains,covering geographical locations of the human settlements in the mountainous ecosystem and resources space available to the settlers for sustenance.Based on SPOT-5 remote sensing data and GIS technology,boundaries of the settlement niches were identified and methods for their delineation suggested,and differentiation characteristics of the settlement niches were quantitatively analyzed.Results show that rivers,valleys,mountain foots,image texture and chromatic aberration are factors of indicative significance to delineation of boundaries and keys to demarcation of the settlement niches geographically; the area of a single mountainous settlement niche ranged between 2.27 and 528.67 hm2 and expanded with rising elevation; the expansion rate was quite low when below 1 600 m in elevation and became significantly higher once the elevation got over 1 600 m.