18～20世纪前半叶金沙江流域开发模式省思

Reflections on the Development of JinshaRiver Valley from the 18th to the First Half of the 20th Century

有清以降,西藏、西南危机,清廷及民国政府都采取了积极的经营政策,要求各少数民族按照内地资源利用方式去开发金沙江流域,并以此替代原先多元文化并存的经济开发格局。这种为国防形势所迫,而采用的应急式单一开发模式,去应对金沙江流域错综复杂的生态背景,从一开始就不可避免地将会冲击到该流域不同生态系统的脆弱环节,经长年积累后,最终诱发了诸多生态灾变,引起了社会各界的高度关注。因此总结其间的经验和教训,对于当前中国民族地区的经济开发和生态建设将大有裨益。

Since the Qing Dynasty,whenever there was acrisis in Tibet or Southwest China,the Qing government and that of the Republic of Chinaadopted proactive policies to urge the ethnic minorities to develop the JinshaRiver Valley according to the ways of resource utilization in the hinterland,and thus replacing the original economic structure in the context of multi-cultural coexistence.Against the complex ecological background of the valley,such asingular and makeshift development mode would inevitably impact the vulnerable parts of the local eco-system.After many years of accumulation,these gave rise to aseries of ecological catastrophes,which have finally aroused attention from the society.Therefore,to summarize the experiences and lessons in this process is helpful for the economic development and ecological construction of the ethnic areas of China.