呼和浩特地区啮齿动物群落年度动态研究

Dynamics of the Rodent Community in Hohhot District

1984～2004年每年4～10月每月中旬采用直线铗日法调查统计了呼和浩特郊区啮齿动物群落动态,分析群落物种数、捕获率、Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀性指数、Simpson生态优势度指数6个变量21年的时间序列和年间变动的特点,并分析了优势鼠种在群落中的作用及其相互关系。结果表明:(1)所有物种在每年并不同时出现,物种数的年变化范围是3～7个。(2)群落的物种数、丰富度指数变化趋势较为一致。(3)群落捕获率变动曲线呈现双峰型,两个高峰(1984年和1994年)或两个低谷(1989年和1999年)出现的年份相距10年。(4)群落多样性指数、均匀性指数分别与优势度指数呈极显著负相关,多样性指数、均匀性指数均呈上升—下降的变动趋势,优势度指数是下降—上升的变动趋势,连续上升或下降的变动趋势均在3～5年。

The number of species, capture rate, Margalef index of species richness, Shannon-Wiener in- dex of species diversity,Pielou index of species evenness and Simpson index of ecological dominance of the rodent community were investigated to study the dynamics of the rodent community in Hohhot by trap- days methods in the middle of each month, from April to October every year（from 1984 to 2004）. Then in- ter-annual fluctuation characteristic of these variables were analyzed and compared. The results showed that：（1）All of 8 species of rodents never occurred at the same time in the rodent community in the same year. The maximum of number of species was 7 and the minimum was 3 in 21 years. （2）Variable trend of number of species was similar to that of Margalef index of species richness in rodent community. （3）Cap- ture rate of rodent community showed patterns of two peaks. There were 10 years between two high peaks or two low valleys. （4）Shannon-Wiener index of species diversity was significantly negative correlation with Simpson index of ecological dominance. Pielou index of species evenness was significantly negative correlation with Simpson index of ecological dominance. Shannon-Wiener index of species diversity and Pielou index of species evenness both showed cyclic trend （going up--going down）. Simpson index of eco- logical dominance showed cyclic trend （going down--going up）. Continuously going up and going down were all 3-5 years. Role and mutual correlation of dominant species were analyzed in the rodent community.