“铁围”考

On the Chinese Character “铁围”(tiewei)

"铁围"一词在近代文献中多见,有两个意义:一是指铁围山;二是指地狱。"铁围"一词源于佛教经典,又作"铁围山"。通过对勘《妙法莲华经》、《维摩诘经》、《金光明经》、《妙法入楞伽经》等佛教经典的梵、汉文本中的相应语料,我们认为"铁围"、"铁围山"是梵语词cakravāda、cakravāla的汉译。梵语词cakravāda、cakravāla还被译作"轮围"、"轮围山"、"斫迦罗"、"斫迦婆罗"、"柘迦罗"、"灼羯罗"、"斫迦罗山"、"斫迦婆罗山"、"轮山"、"轮圆"、"轮圆山"、"围山"等词形。其中,"斫迦罗"、"斫迦婆罗"、"柘迦罗"、"灼羯罗"是音译,"轮围"、"轮围山"、"轮山"、"轮圆"、"轮圆山"、"围山"是意译,"斫迦罗山"、"斫迦婆罗山"是音译兼意译。"轮围"是最贴近原典语言的结构和语义的译语。

Frequently appeared in contempary books, the Chinese character ＂铁围＂（tie wei） has two meanings： the first one is a hill known as 铁围山 the second one is the inferno. Based upon the general survey of a series of Buddhist Scriptures, such as Lotus Sutra and so on, etymologieally originated in the Buddhist Scriptures, the Chinese character ＂铁围 ＂（tie wei） is the corresponding Chinese translaion of Sanskirt word： cakravada or cakravdla which has other corresponding Chinese translation forms, such as ＂斫迦罗 ＂（zhoujialuo）, ＂斫迦婆罗＂ （zhoujiapoluo）, ＂拓迦罗 ＂（zhejialuo）, ＂灼羯罗 ＂（zhuojieluo）, ＂斫加罗山＂ （zhoujialuoshan）, ＂斫迦婆罗山＂ （zhoujiapoluoshan）, ＂轮围 ＂（lunwei）, ＂轮围山 ＂ （lunweishan）, ＂轮山＂（lunshan） ,＂轮圆 ＂ （lunyuan）, ＂轮圆山 ＂ （lunyuanshan）, ＂ 围山＂（weishan）, among which the first four resulted from transliteration, and the last six resulted from free translation and the rest resulted from the combination of transliteration and free translation. ＂轮围＂ is one of the most appropriate Chinese translation forms, concerning about the linguistic structural and semanteme.