30年来蒙古国和内蒙古的LUCC区域分异

Mongolia and Inner Mongolia LUCC Regional Differentiation Over the Past 30 Years

本文以欧空局300m土地覆盖数据集为基础,参考20世纪70年代至2005年2期蒙古高原遥感影像,建立20世纪70年代、2005年2期土地利用及动态数据库,结合土地利用变化数量模型,分析了蒙古国与内蒙古的土地利用类型转换情况。对比分析蒙古国和内蒙古近30年来的土地利用变化强度及各地类间的转移变化,揭示2个区域的LUCC分异规律,并对土地变化的驱动力进行分析。结果显示:在自然条件及人类扰动共同作用下,蒙古国及内蒙古均表现出草地面积逐年减少,草地退化趋势明显;裸地面积不断增加,沙漠化现象严重;农田及城镇建设用地面积持续增长;水域面积呈现衰减;未利用地是其他各种土地利用类型增加的主要来源;由于人类扰动差异,蒙古国林地面积略有减少,内蒙古林地面积大幅增加。气候干暖化、人口增长,政策及社会经济发展等是驱动蒙古高原土地利用变化的主要因素。

LUCC is a hot and difficult topic in the research of global change. Through the Mongolia Plateau LUCC research, we aimed to provide scientific and technological support for the upgrading of the regional land use structure and sustainable development. Based on EOA 300m land cover datasets, with reference to the re- mote sensing images in 1970s and 2005 of Mongolia Plateau, we established 1970s and 2005 land use dynamic database and used land use amount models （such as land use changes degree, land use change dynamic degree, land use change consumption reduction degree and land use change development degree） to analyze the process of land use type conversation between the Republic of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, reveal the regional land use change characteristics and regularity, predict various land use types change, and analysis the land change driving force. The results are as follows： the grassland area decreased year by year, grassland degradation trend is evident; bare land area increases ceaselessly, the desertification phenomenon is serious; farmland and urban construction land area continue to grow; water area presenting an attenuation trend; unused land is the primary source of a variety of other types of land use increasing; forest land area of the Republic Mongolia slightly re- duced, while Inner Mongolia forest land area increased significantly. Considering the special geographical envi- ronment and the influence of national policy of the Mongolia Plateau, especially the environmental protection policy and the rapid economical development in recent years, land use changes would become very complex. The dynamic changes of land use of Mongolia Plateau were mainly caused by climate drying and wanning, poli- cy change, economic development, population growth and so on. Natural factors determine the regional charac- teristics of land use pattern that main land use types are grassland and bare land in the Mongolia Plateau. Human factors determined the difference in land use dynamic change between Republic of Mongolia and Inner Mongo- lia over the past 30 years.