西北地区天然林保护与退化生态系统恢复理论思考

On nature forest protection and degraded ecosystem restoration in Northwest China.

该文主要针对西北干旱、半干旱地区实施天然林保护工程、退耕还林和退化生态系统重建等问题 ,探讨植被保护方案和退化生态系统恢复途径和技术措施 ,提出评价指标体系 .提出生态系统恢复的 4个基本途径为保护、恢复、重建、维持 ;退化生态系统恢复的指标包括生物多样性指标、生态关键种指标、生态系统环境建设指标 ;退化生态系统的恢复或原生生态系统的退化程度衡量标准有 9类 ,包括生物量生产力、土壤有机质含量、土壤最大有效持水量、有效降水系数、降水利用效率、有效水持续期、氮利用率、微生物共生体和循环系数 ;天然林保护和退化生态系统恢复的措施包括天然林保护和生态建设规划、“阶梯式退耕”模式、“辐射式生态重建”模式、生态农 (林 )业产业化经营。

The paper puts forward that the recovery ways of degraded ecosystem are conservation, restoration, reallocation and preservation, and that the evaluation index includes bio diversity, ecological keystone species, environment construction. The criterion to evaluate the situation of ecosystem recovery or degradation consists of biomas productivity, organic substance content of soil, maximum containing water of soil, effective rainfall index, utilization efficiency, last period of effective water, N utilization rate, microbe community and circling rate. The methods that should be taken are preservation and reallocation planning, ladder style returning farmland to forestland, radiation style ecological reconstruction, raising the utilization rate of land, founding eco agriculture or forestry company, etc.