半干旱黄土丘陵区果园水分蒸散特征研究

Evapotranspiration from Apple Orchard in Semi arid Loess Hilly and Gully Region

近年来果树在黄土丘陵区迅速发展 ,已成为该区区域治理开发、群众脱贫致富的主导产业之一 ,干旱缺水是该区果树发展的主要限制因素。通过田间测定研究 ,分析了黄土丘陵区典型地段果树主要生长期 (4～ 10月 )内的蒸散耗水规律 ,结果表明 :该区果树蒸散耗水在 4～ 10月间的变化呈双峰型 ,第 1次高峰在 6～ 7月间 ,属于果树生理最大需水期 ,第 2次在 8～9月间 ,属于果实成熟后的枝条旺盛生长期。根据果树耗水规律 ,并结合其生长过程观测 ,指出该区果树需水敏感期。

The planting of fruit tree has been developed rapidly in the loess hilly and gully region in recent years, and become the main domain of regional harnessing. The shortage of water resources is a major factor to limit fruit tree developing in this area. Through field measurement in the Zhifanggou catchment of Ansai county,the evapotranspiration rule of apple orchard in the main growth period in a year (April to October) was analyzed. The results showed that the seasonal evapotranspiration variation of apple orchard from April to October conformed to a two peak type. The first peak lied between June and July, which was the maximum water consumption period of apple tree also. The second peak lied between August to September, which was the vigorous growth period of wattle after fruit maturation. Based on the growth process observation and water consumption rule of apple tree.It is pointed out that the stage of water sensitivity and physiological maximum water requirement was not at the same time in a year