认同危机中的挑战——论当代美国校园小说对少年主体性的建构

Challenges in the Identity Crisis:Constructing Adolescent Subjectivity in Contemporary American School Novels

当代美国少年小说独树一帜,其成就与作家较为激进的少年观和具有深度的创作方法紧密相关。本文以当代美国校园小说为例,分析其塑造少年形象的方略:生物性和社会性向度上的原点回归,及儿童向成人精神转变的拐点求索,其核心是对处于自我认同危机中的少年主体身份的多向度建构,指出小说多采用互文对话的叙事策略和多元交织的话语模式来显现少年在认同危机中主体身份建构的混杂性及艰难性,着意于塑造少年思想者/挑战者形象,同时又暗含了对隐含少年读者主体性的积极建构,体现了不退避的现实主义姿态。

Contemporary American adolescent novels are well developed.What has been achieved in these novels is closely linked to the authors＇ radical view of adolescents and how this view is deeply reflected in the novel.This paper chooses contemporary American school novels to analyze the images of adolescents.These novels explore the biological and social bases of human development,examine the spiritual shift from child to adult,and focus on the multi-dimensional construction of the adolescent identity.The novels feature a narrative strategy of dialogue and multi-discourse,indicating how complicated and challenging it is for an adolescent identity to be developed and how it can be formed during a crisis of identity.The authors intend to create some rebellious teenage thinkers,which implies an active construction of adolescent readers＇ identities and shows the way of the realistic writing that does not circumvent reality.