移情与不动情——基于朱光潜和巴金、张天翼为代表的左联作家论争

Dispassion and Empathy——Based on the Argument between Zhu Guangqian and Leftist Writers Represented by Ba Jin and Zhang Tianyi

朱光潜上世纪三十年代和巴金、张天翼左联有场著名的争论。本是由朱光潜《眼泪文学》一文挑起的,涉及美学上的一个重大问题:不动情和移情的矛盾。由于巴金的反驳偏离主题,而过去学界多把注意力放在朱、巴之争,忽略了和巴金一起的张天翼对朱光潜美学思想的"十个拷问"。我们由悬想朱光潜可能对张天翼美学问题的回答作分析,进一步揭示"不动情"和"移情"矛盾乃立于中西两种不同文化的思维模式的差异和矛盾上。恰恰是对这种差异和矛盾认识的不自觉导致了朱光潜(甚至包括王国维)提出的解决方案仍然不彻底。倘若对中西思维上的对立有清醒的认识,或许可以将朱光潜和王国维不自觉提出的"超物之境"和"无我之境"提升到自我意识的层面。这样,对体现中国传统的"以物观物"的虚静内敛的思维特征认识会更清晰些。

In the 1930s, there was a famous argument between Zhu Guangqian and Leftist Writers represented by Ba Jin and Zhang Tianyi. The debate was provoked by the article named ＂The Tears of Literature＂ written by Zhu Guangqian. This argument involved the contradiction between dispassion and empathy, which was a major problem in aesthetics. Because of Ba Jin＇ s rebuttal from the theme, most scholars focused on the dispute between Zhu Guangqian and Ba Jin in the past. Zhang Tianyi＇ s ＂ten interrogations＂ of Zhu Guangqian＇ s aesthetics were ignored before 1949. In this paper, the author analyzed possible answers that Zhu Guangqian would provide for Zhang Tianyi＇ s interrogations, thus revealing that the contradiction between ＂ dispassion＂ and ＂ empathy＂ was rooted in the differences of Chinese and Western modes of thinking. Thus solutions proposed by Zhu Guangqian and even Wang Guowei appear to be incomplete. If the differences between Chinese and Western modes of thinking are acknowledged, ＂super - material realm＂ and ＂selflessness＂ can be promoted to self consciousness. A clearer under- standing of silent and introvert characteristics of Chinese thinking typified by ＂viewing things through matter＂ can be achieved.