二十一世纪的叙事学:叙事研究的认知方法

Narratology in the Twenty-First Century: The Cognitive Approach to Narrative

进入二十一世纪之后,叙事学以前所未有的迅猛态势向前发展。本文在以历时路径回顾梳理文学理论和叙事学发展的基础上,重点审视了文学研究的认知方法之于叙事学研究的影响。认知科学的崛起为叙事学研究提供了重要的理论框架,直接促成了认知叙事学的崛起。认知叙事学的未来发展在于进一步整合多种认知方法,并以实证的方式对它们加以检验。尽管这种路径可能会加速叙事学、乃至文学研究的危机,但同时也可以见证一个新范式的产生。

The first decade of the twenty-first century witnessed the rapid development of narratology. This paper makes a diachronic overview of the cognitive approaches to literature, and narrative in particular. To a larger extent, cognitive narratolo- gy is an immediate result from the marriage between cognitive science and narrative studies. This paper argues that the future of cognitive narratology lies in integrating the diverse cognitive approaches and testing them empirically. Thought it might risk quickening the crisis of narrative studies in specific or even literary studies in general, it will see the birth of a new paradigm.