青年大学生身体意象的性别差异

Gender Difference in the Body Image of Undergraduates

目的观察青年大学生身体意象的构成特征，探讨身体意象和体脂肪含量的性别差异。方法采用横向对比研究设计，选取18～22岁在读大学生198名，分别采用生物电阻测量法（BIA）完成体脂肪含量测量和采用问卷调查法完成身体意象测试。结果①大学生身体意象有身体各部位满意度、外表评估、外表取向、过重评价、体重自我评量5个构成特征；②女大学生体脂肪含量百分比显著大于男大学生；（3）性别因素在身体意象各个构成特征上存在明显主效应，体脂肪含量对身体各部位满意度、外表评估和体重自我评量3个维度有明显作用，性别和体脂肪含量在身体意象各个构成特征上存在显著的交互作用。结论大学生身体意象各个构成特征上存在显著的性别差异，男生对自己的体重可能存在“低估现象”，而女生对自己的体重可能存在“高估现象”。

Objective To observe the characters of body image in undergraduates and to explore the gender differences of body image and body fat.Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional research designby BIA method for body fat and questionnaires for body image.198 undergraduates who are between 18 and 22 years old are available. Results （I） There are five characters of body image in undergraduates. They are： body areas satisfaction, appearance evaluation, appearance orientation, overweight evaluation, and self-classified weight; （II） Female＇s body fat percentage is significantly more than male＇s in undergraduates. （III）The main effect of gen- der difference is significant on all of the characters of body image. Body fat has significant effect on body ar- eas satisfaction, appearance evaluation and self-classified weight. Besides, there are significant interaction be- tween gender and body fat.ConclusionThere are significant gender differences on all of the characters of body image of undergraduates. Male students may underestimate their weight while female students may overestimate their weight.